By increasing the DFS, from zero to − 15%, the exit gradient increases 19.75% and 14.4% for 1 m and 6 m cut-off lengths, respectively. However, the effect of the DFS on increasing the seepage discharge and UFS on decreasing the seepage discharge becomes milder as the length of the cut-off wall increases. In addition, the results demonstrate that by increasing the length of the cut-off wall the effect of the DFS on decreasing and UFS on increasing the uplift pressure force becomes more severe. Moreover, by increasing the uphill foundation slope (UFS), the uplift force increases but the exit gradient and seepage discharge decrease. The results also indicated that by increasing the downhill foundation slope (DFS) the uplift force decreases, but the exit gradient and seepage discharge increase. The results of the model validation indicated that the model calculates the seepage discharge and uplift pressure with a maximum error of less than 3.79% and 3.25%, respectively. The model validation was performed using the measured data from experimental tests. In order to reach this goal, a numerical model has been developed in which the general equation of fluid flow in non-uniform anisotropic soil is solved by the finite volume method on a structured grid. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of the downhill and uphill impervious layer's slope (downhill/uphill foundation slopes) on the uplift pressure, seepage discharge and exit gradient under hydraulic structures. IDepartment of Water Engineering, PO Box 1158, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranĪlthough the impervious layer under a hydraulic structure is rarely flat, the effect of the impervious layer's slope, under the hydraulic structure, on seepage characteristics has not been studied to date. Rasool Ghobadian I, * Hamed Shekari I Parisa Koochak II Model test and numerical investigation of the effect of the impervious layer's slope on seepage characteristics under hydraulic structures
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